second intervention on dichroic and Ar2 shims to try compensating 2mm-1mm focus difference since last intervention
Contents
Work Plan
Extracted from July 15 regular NIKA2 meetings with few more details:
- The plan for the intervention is the following: day 1 we open the cryostat and dismount the dichroic ; night 1 we let the dichroic relax ; day 2 we put back the dichroic membrane in its mount, measure its possible residual distortion, and mount it back in the cryostat with shims for Ar2 that depend on the measurement done, then close the cryostat and start vacuum tests ; day 3 continue pumping and start cooling down.
- From the 2 experiences of cool down after measurement on dichroic (1st NIKA2+ cool down in March 2025, and cool down after shims intervention in March 2026) we experienced that the distortion stayed almost unchanged at 1st cool down after opening. In fact in March 2026 it move from 2.0 mm measured just before closing the cryostat, to 1.5 mm according to the Ar3-Ar2=0.85 mm focus difference at beginning of run 80. Based on this empirical knowledge, depending on the residual distortion after having put the membrane back in its mount there's 2 possibilities:
1) If the distortion is < 0.5 mm we can put back the dichroic in the same orientation as before and insert the shims that compensate exactly for the measured distortion. The chance that the situation after cool down is worse than currently, is negligible.
2) If the distortion is > 0.5 mm, since we can't reduce more the distance between last lens and Ar2, the idea would be to put back the dichroic flipped compared to the present orientation so that the focus shift is not toward the lens but further away from the original position of Ar2, and we insert the shims that compensate for this new focus shift. The chance that the situation after cool down is worse than the current situation is higher than the previous case, because we are not totally sure that the dichroic will stay distorted in the direction that is opposed to the direction it distorted until now. The chances that it reverses its direction of distortion during cool down seem pretty small though. And if the distortion reduces a bit as we expect, we don't know by how much it will exactly.
- On day 2 of the intervention, before mounting back the dichroic in the cryostat and inserting shims, we can organize a meeting, and describe the situation to take a common decision.
Preliminary work before September 14th, 2026, and staff for the intervention
- NIKA2 warmed-up, and at ambient pressure
- Shims at the telescope.
- Tool box for opening NIKA2 cryostat.
- Torque wrench at the telescope.
Intervention team: Martino Calvo, Benedetta Kalemi, Samuel Leclercq, David John
All the team at the telescope on Monday 14th, to prepare everything for the intervention on Tuesday morning.
September 15th, Tuesday
Opening NIKA2:
Opening of the cryostat quite efficient, done in a bit more than 2 hours.
==> The dichroic is distorted by 2.5 mm, a tiny more than the distortion deduced from the Ar3-Ar2 = 1.2 mm focus difference obtained in the latest focus test done before warming up.
We dismount completely the dichroic and let the free membrane relax for 7 hours.
After the 7 hours, the membrane has taken the chips distortion it always had naturally when free of any constraint. Putting it back in the rings and screwing them with a 0.2 N*m torque (intermediate between the 2 previous values), we measure again the residual distortions :
==> It didn't relax to a flatter surface at all!!! It actually stays unchanged.
==> No need to wait longer, it's clear it won't evolve more more, and certainly not in the flatter direction we hoped for. So we decide to flip it and introduce shims that would compensate for the expected distortion at cold temperature, given the 2.5 mm amplitude distortion at warm temperature.
Base on previous experience, Samuel do Zemax simulation supposing a 1.5 downward distortion at cold temperature.
==> Zemax simulations says we have to introduce 17 mm shims thickness on Array 2 mount to compensate for the 1.5 mm deep dichroic distortion. So we mount the corresponding shims (1 + 0.5 + 0.2 mm thick shims) :
The measurements with the dichroic back in place and distortion downward (vs upward previously) gives and amplitude slightly lower of ~2.0 mm. But this doesn't change the decision made about the shims. End of day 1.