Calibrators

Here we propose some secondary calibrators to observe when these planets are not visible.


Primary Calibrators

Sources with well known fluxes are essential to calibrate continuum observations. The primary calibrators used at the IRAM 30m telescope are Mars, Uranus and Neptune. The following table provides flux measurements taken at the IRAM 30m radiotelescope:

Planet

MAMBO Flux [Jy]

NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy]

NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy]

GISMO Flux [Jy]

Comments

NEPTUNE

13.99

MAMBO: 48 onoffs.

URANUS

36.62

MAMBO: 420 onoffs.

MARS

108.36

MAMBO: 824 onoffs.


Secondary calibrators

The following list provides flux measurements for a list of secondary calibrators to be observerd when planets are not visible.

Source

RA [J2000]

DEC [J2000]

Size ["]

MAMBO Flux [Jy]

NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy]

NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy]

GISMO Flux [Jy]

Comments

G34.3

18:53:18.56

+01:14:58.2

11x9

19.90 +/- 0.80

MAMBO: 572 onoffs.

G10.62

18:10:28.66

-19:55:49.7

--

9.12 +/- 0.00

MAMBO: 241 onoffs.

W3OH

02:27:03.88

+61:52:24.5

17x10

8.13 +/- 0.40

MAMBO: 551 onoffs.

K3-50A

20:01:45.69

+33:32:43.5

11x9

6.66 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 231 onoffs.

NGC7538

23:13:45.38

+61:28:10.3

16x13

5.79 +/- 0.50

MAMBO: 300 onoffs.

IRAS16293

16:32:22.70

-24:28:32.0

10

5.30 +/- 0.30

MAMBO: 105 onoffs.

CepA

22:56:17.93

+62:01:49.5

27x15

3.82 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 162 onoffs.

NGC7027

21:07:01.59

+42:14:10.1

9x8

3.14 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 139 onoffs.

CRL618

04:42:53.35

+36:06:52.6

6x5

2.93 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 366 onoffs.

G45.1

19:13:22.07

+10:50:53.4

13x9

2.69 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 264 onoffs.

GL490

03:27:38.84

+58:47:00.5

16x11

2.11 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 175 onoffs.

CRL2688

21:02:18.80

+36:41:37.6

9x2

1.83 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 97 onoffs.

MWC349

20:32:45.57

+40:39:36.4

<0.5

1.70 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 86 onoffs.

L1551-IRS5

04:31:34.17

+18:08:05.1

15x11

1.51 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 634 onoffs.

CW-LEO

09:47:57.38

+13:16:43.6

14x13

1.29 +/- 0.05

MAMBO: 1125 onoffs.

LKHALF234

21:43:06.79

+66:06:54.4

21x14

1.00 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 291 onoffs.

HLTAU

04:31:38.45

+18:13:57.9

7x3

0.96 +/- 0.05

MAMBO: 231 onoffs.

HD-163296

17:56:21.29

-21:57:21.9

--

0.69 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 4 onoffs.

LKHALF101

04:30:14.40

+35:16:24.1

--

0.57 +/- 0.00

MAMBO: 117 onoffs.

ALF-ORI

05:55:10.28

+07:24:25.4

7x3

0.34 +/- 0.02

MAMBO: 133 onoffs.

See also the secondary calibrators for continuum measurements report by Lisenfeld et al. (2000).


Asteroids

Some asteroids have quite excentric orbits, and their temperatures thus vary quite a bit. In addition, the smaller ones have non-circular shapes and thus also rotational variability on scales of few hours. However, the four largest asteroids (Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, and Lutetia) present a flux accuracy better than 5% and therefore, they can be used as reliable calibrators for the IRAM 30m continuum cameras (see the poster courtesy of Thomas Mueller).

Thomas Mueller provided flux predictions at different wavelengths for these four asteroids until 2020:

Ceres

Pallas

Vesta

Lutetia

The following figure summarizes the flux predictions at 1.3 mm for the period 2014-2015:

Asteroids_f1300mu.png

Ceres

SOURCE Body Ceres 2456551.202069534158 80.32764144660911  72.29215117844517 10.59398142371781 2.557090856996202 .07579725984872261    

Pallas

SOURCE Body Pallas 2456634.320680106518 173.1023717671647 309.9337060321055 34.83625656930519 2.130435195136733 .2315650120848084

Vesta

SOURCE Body Vesta 2456923.695134388993 103.8514828145328 151.1995756082146 7.140518203879475 2.152395790927782 .08850244223456388

Lutetia

SOURCE Body Lutetia 2457274.428494472523 80.88533411704726 250.2363739926752 3.06386567315565 2.034005484901541 .1644593151184061  


Author: Israel Hermelo (IRAM 30m continuum pool manager)

email: hermelo@iram.es

Created: 2014.01.14

Last update: 2014.01.25

Continuum/SecondaryCalibrators (last edited 2014-01-27 11:10:02 by gra-lx17)