Observing with NIKA2

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Starting PaKo

To start the PaKo session for rgular obsevations, log into the pool account "t22" (ask the AoD/operator for the login information), open a terminal and type:

$ ssh -X t22-lx1
$ goNIKA
$ PAKO> @ini
$ PAKO> show ! v1.2.3 2014-03-31 (to confirm the correct PaKo version is being used)
$ PAKO> set doSubmit YES

Now you are ready to start observations. An alternative PaKo version for scans with more than 100 subscans can be used by starting the PaKo session with the following commands:

$ source goPaKo300
$ pakodisplay
$ pako
$ PAKO> @ini
$ PAKO> show ! v1.2.5 2016-05-18 (to confirm the correct PaKo version is being used)
$ PAKO> set doSubmit YES

Observations queue

To check what is currently in the observation's queue, open a terminal and type:

$ ssh -X mrt-lx1
$ observationQueue

This will open a file browser with a list of all the observation's files commanded, which are waiting to be executed by the telescope's system. To remove any observation's file from the queue, right-click on the corresponding xml file and select "delete". The display will be automatically refreshed.

Starting the NIKA2 pipeline

To have the IDL pipeline continuously processing observations as they are produced, open a terminal and type:

$ ssh -X observer@nika2-a (ask the AoD for the password)
$ IDL
IDL> auto_nk_rta

You will see the message:

waiting for a new file to appear...

on the IDL prompt. It is also possible to reduce the scans manually. This can be achieved by typing:

IDL> nk_rta, scanID    (e.g. '20151019s132')

where scanID is the corresponding identifier of the observation (as shown in the example) in the format YYYYMMDDsXXX, where YYYY is the year, MM the month, DD the day, and XXX the scan number.

Starting XEphem

XEphem is the software currently used at the IRAM 30m telescope to keep track of the position of astronomical sources on the sky. To start XEphem, open a terminal and type:

$ ssh -X mrt-lx3
$ xephem &

Then, click on the tab "View" and open the "Sky View". The "cross hair" shows the coordinates the telescope is pointing at. The filled blue circles are the pointing sources. The size of the circles is proportional to the flux of the target. To load the sources catalog of your project, click on the tab "Data" and go to "Files". In the new window go again to "Files" and select the catalog of the project that you are observing.

Pointing

In order to correct the pointing of the telescope in a given part of the sky choose a nearby pointing source (using e.g. XEphem) and type:

PAKO> source 0133+476 /cat *

Now launch the nkpoint script:

PAKO> @ nkpoint mode

where the keyword "mode" can adopt the values b for bright sources and f for faint sources (the l option for very faint sources that require the Lissajous pattern is no longer used). The pointing scans are currently reduced by the IDL pipeline. To obtain the pointing corrections, process the corresponding scan with the pipeline: "IDL> nk_rta, scanID". Once the pointing scan is processed, enter the new pointing corrections in azimuth (PnewX) and in elevation (PnewY) shown on the IDL prompt of the NIKA2 pipeline:

PAKO> set pointing PnewX PnewY

Focus

The focus needs to be monitored and it needs to be corrected online. This should be done every three hours or so in the Z direction and every 24 hours in the X and Y direction. To check the quality of the focus along X, Y or Z (i.e., the three axes of the subreflector), run:

PAKO> @ focusOTF-Z fz  

Currently, this script will carry out 5 foci measurements in Z direction within a 1.6 mm range, centered at the fz value. In order to obtain the focus corrections, the corresponding scan number have to be processed by the IDL pipeline:

IDL> nk_rta, scanID1    (for measurement 1)
IDL> nk_rta, scanID2    (for measurement 2)
IDL> nk_rta, scanID3    (for measurement 3)
IDL> nk_rta, scanID4    (for measurement 4)
IDL> nk_rta, scanID5    (for measurement 5)

Then, all measured foci need to be procesed together by the "nk_focus_otf_2" routine of the IDL pipeline to perform the best focus fit in terms of the mesured Flux, beam FWHM, and beam ellipticity of the KID's. This can be achieved by runnning the following instruction in the IDL prompt:

IDL> nk_focus_otf_2,'YYYYMMDDs'+strtrim(SCANNUMBER+indgen(5),2)

where the ScanID is in the format YYYYMMDDsSCANNUMBER (e.g. '20151019s132'). Once the "nk_focus_otf_2" routine has finished, check the focus correction values displayed in the IDL prompt under "Fluxes" for the three arrays (A1, A2, & A3) and calculate the average value that will be used to correct the focus. Enter the new focus value (Fnew) as follows:

PAKO> set focus Fnew /dir axis

where axis is z (or x,y). The same procedure applies to the X and Y directions.

PAKO> @ focusOTF-X fx  

PAKO> @ focusOTF-Y fy  

(FOR THE X AND Y FOCUS MEASUREMENTS, THE PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN THE FINAL FOCUS CORRECTIONS NEEDS TO BE CLARIFIED: CHECKING THE RESIDUAL PLOTS BY EYE OR ADOPTING THE FOCUS CORRECTION CALCULATED BY THE IDL PIPELINE)

Beam map (needs to be updated once we have an standard procedure)

The beam map consists in 3 ?'x?' maps with ~?" steps between rows and a duration ~?? minutes. Beam maps are designed to ensure the source is moved over all the detectors of the array, in order to characterize and calibrate them (field of view geometry, flat field, stability...). The aim is to calculate the actual pixel offsets in the focal plane (see figure below). To obtain a beam map go to a primary calibrator and launch the beammap.pako script:

PAKO> @ beammap1scan99sub  (to produce 99 sub-scans)
OPTION = a   (ENTER OPTION: a = Az. scan, e = El. scan, l = lower than 60° in El., h = between 60° and 70° in El.)  
W-OTFMAP       /TOTF,  value 12.0 implies /speed 65.0 outside standard range 0.0 to 60.0
W-OTFMAP,  WARNING--CONDITION: Elevation must be less than 69.03 [deg]
OTFMAP 780''x 470.4'' (step 4.8) 
      > Number of subscans: 99 
      > Scanning speed: 65 arcsec/sec 
      > Time per subscan: 12 sec 
      > Execution time: 23.1 min           

PAKO> @ beammap1scan (to produce 140 sub-scans)

Skydips (needs to be updated once we have an standard procedure)

To run a skydip with NIKA2 type in PaKo:

PAKO> @ skydip

Science targets

Observations of science targets are performed via on-the-fly and/or Lissajous maps. For example, for a 16'x12' on-the-fly map, with a position angle of 25 degrees, a tilt angle of 0 degrees (both measured anticlockwise), in equatorial coordinates (radec), just type:

PAKO> @ nkotf  16  12  25  0  radec

For a 3'x3' Lissajous type:

PAKO> @ nkliss 3

A sequence of several scans can be loaded using scripts.

For example, the script observe_NGC4449.pako combines several 14'x14' on-the-fly maps at different angles in the horizontal coordinate system (azel).

Pool observations

Pool observations are carried from a dedicated pool account (ask the AoD for the login information). Each project has a folder within the home directory of the pool account with instructions on how to proceed. Read carefully the README file before to start. For example, the file ~/199-14/README_199-14.txt explains you how to observe the project 199-14.

Choose a project

First log into the Pool data base (ask the AoD for the login information) and click on the GISMO/NIKA tab.

Projects have different priorities from 6 (highest priority) to 1 (lowest priority). Green color indicates that the project is scheduled, orange that the project is on hold, and red that the project is finished. Only green projects should be observed. To check the visibility of these projects go to the visibility tab:

The red vertical line corresponds to the current time (UT). In this example there are four priority 5 projects. Project 077-13 is not visible at the current time. Project 079-13 is close to the low elevation limit so it is a bad option. Since project 103-13 sets first, it is a good idea to observe this project. After 2-3 hours change to project 100-13. In case that none of the priority 5 projects have weather requirements (see the README files) compatible with the current conditions, go for priority 4 projects and so on.

Project setup

The standard method to set the project is:

PAKO> set project XXX-YY

However, for pooled observations this is often done using a setup script (see for example setup_199-14.pako). For example, before to start to observe the project 199-14 you should type:

PAKO> @ ~/199-14/setup_199-14.pako

It is IMPORTANT to set the project accordingly before each observation in order to identify the scans observed for each project, keep control on the time used to observe each project, and write the data files in the right directory. When you will be doing tests, or if you have to stop by wind, or whatever, just type "set project test". That way, no project will loose time due to technical problems, or bad weather.

Catalog of sources

Before to start to observe a certain project it is necessary to load its catalog of sources. Usually, this is automatically done within the setup script. If for some reason you need to load the catalog manually, type:

PAKO> SOURCE CATALOG  199-14.sou

This command will load the catalog 199-14.sou with the position of NGC4449: To select this source, just type:

PAKO> source NGC4449

To select a source from the IRAM catalog of pointing sources, just type:

PAKO> source pointing_source /cat iram-J2000.sou

Contact: Pablo García (NIKA2 Pool Manager at the IRAM 30m telescope)

email: pgarcia@iram.es

Created: 2013.OCT.25, by Isreal Hermelo

Last update: 2017.FEB.05, by Pablo García