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##acl NicolasBillot,hermelo,CarstenKramer,SamuelLeclerc:read,write,delete,revert,admin Default #acl hermelo,CarstenKramer,NicolasBillot,SamuelLeclerc:read,write,delete,revert,admin Default
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 Unfortunately, planets are not always visible and

Here we propose some secondary calibrators to observe when these planets are not visible. 		Sources with well known fluxes are essential to calibrate continuum observations.
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'''[[ http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/mainWiki/FrontPage | Go to the Front Page ]]'''

Ephemerides for the sources listed here are included in the [[ attachment:IRAM30mCont.edb | IRAM 30m Catalogue for Continuum Cameras ]] (preliminary version).
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Sources with well known fluxes are essential to calibrate continuum observations. The primary calibrators used at the IRAM 30m telescope are Mars, Uranus and Neptune. The following table provides flux measurements taken at the IRAM 30m radiotelescope: The primary calibrators used at the IRAM 30m telescope are Mars, Uranus and Neptune. The following table provides flux measurements taken at the IRAM 30m radiotelescope:
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|| Planet || MAMBO Flux [Jy] || NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy] || NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy] || GISMO Flux [Jy] || Comments ||
|| NEPTUNE || 13.99 || || || || MAMBO: 48 onoffs. ||
|| URANUS || 36.62 || || || || MAMBO: 420 onoffs. ||
|| MARS || 108.36 || || || || MAMBO: 824 onoffs. ||		 || Planet || MAMBO Flux [Jy] || NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy] || NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy] || GISMO Flux [Jy] || Comments ||
|| MARS || 108.36 || || || 56.70 +/- 6.95 || MAMBO: 824 onoffs. GISMO: 27 scans '''CAREFUL: distance to Mars and hence its flux varies strongly''' ||
|| URANUS || 36.62 || || || 15.10 +/- 4.33 || MAMBO: 420 onoffs. GISMO: 97 scans ||
|| NEPTUNE || 13.99 || || || 7.48 +/- 3.97 || MAMBO: 48 onoffs. GISMO: 15 scans ||

MAMBO fluxes were extracted from the [[ https://pool.iram.es/ | IRAM DataBase for Pooled Observations ]] (go to astro -> Calib Sources).
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|| Source || RA [J2000] || DEC [J2000] || Size ["] || MAMBO Flux [Jy] || NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy] || NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy] || GISMO Flux [Jy] || Comments ||
|| G34.3 || 18:53:18.56 || +01:14:58.2 || 11x9 || 19.90 +/- 0.80 || || || || MAMBO: 572 onoffs. ||
|| G10.62 || 18:10:28.66 || -19:55:49.7 || -- || 9.12 +/- 0.00 || || || || MAMBO: 241 onoffs. ||
|| W3OH || 02:27:03.88 || +61:52:24.5 || 17x10 || 8.13 +/- 0.40 || || ||               || MAMBO: 551 onoffs. ||
|| K3-50A || 20:01:45.69 || +33:32:43.5 || 11x9 || 6.66 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 231 onoffs. ||
|| NGC7538 || 23:13:45.38 || +61:28:10.3 || 16x13 || 5.79 +/- 0.50 || || ||               || MAMBO: 300 onoffs. ||
|| IRAS16293 || 16:32:22.70 || -24:28:32.0 || 10 || 5.30 +/- 0.30 || || || || MAMBO: 105 onoffs. ||
|| CepA || 22:56:17.93 || +62:01:49.5 || 27x15 || 3.82 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 162 onoffs. ||
|| NGC7027 || 21:07:01.59 || +42:14:10.1 || 9x8 || 3.14 +/- 0.10 || || ||               || MAMBO: 139 onoffs. ||
|| CRL618 || 04:42:53.35 || +36:06:52.6 || 6x5 || 2.93 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 366 onoffs. ||
|| G45.1 || 19:13:22.07 || +10:50:53.4 || 13x9 || 2.69 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 264 onoffs. ||
|| GL490 || 03:27:38.84 || +58:47:00.5 || 16x11 || 2.11 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 175 onoffs. ||
|| CRL2688 || 21:02:18.80 || +36:41:37.6 || 9x2 || 1.83 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 97 onoffs. ||
|| MWC349 || 20:32:45.57 || +40:39:36.4 || <0.5 || 1.70 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 86 onoffs. ||
|| L1551-IRS5 || 04:31:34.17 || +18:08:05.1 || 15x11 || 1.51 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 634 onoffs. ||
|| CW-LEO || 09:47:57.38 || +13:16:43.6 || 14x13 || 1.29 +/- 0.05 || || || || MAMBO: 1125 onoffs. ||
|| LKHALF234 || 21:43:06.79 || +66:06:54.4 || 21x14 || 1.00 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 291 onoffs. ||
|| HLTAU || 04:31:38.45 || +18:13:57.9 || 7x3 || 0.96 +/- 0.05 || || || || MAMBO: 231 onoffs. ||
|| HD-163296 || 17:56:21.29 || -21:57:21.9 || -- || 0.69 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 4 onoffs. ||
|| LKHALF101 || 04:30:14.40 || +35:16:24.1 || -- || 0.57 +/- 0.00 || || || || MAMBO: 117 onoffs. ||
|| ALF-ORI || 05:55:10.28 || +07:24:25.4 || 7x3 || 0.34 +/- 0.02 || || || || MAMBO: 133 onoffs. ||		 || Source || RA [J2000] || DEC [J2000] || Size ["] || MAMBO Flux [Jy] || NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy] || NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy] || GISMO Flux [Jy] || Comments                 ||
|| G34.3 || 18:53:18.56 || +01:14:58.2 || 11x9 || 19.90 +/- 0.80 || || || || MAMBO: 572 onoffs.                 ||
|| G10.62 || 18:10:28.66 || -19:55:49.7 || -- || 9.12 +/- 0.00 || || || || MAMBO: 241 onoffs.                 ||
|| W3OH || 02:27:03.88 || +61:52:24.5 || 17x10 || 8.13 +/- 0.40 || || || 6.43 +/- 1.24 || MAMBO: 551 onoffs. GISMO: 32 scans ||
|| K3-50A || 20:01:45.69 || +33:32:43.5 || 11x9 || 6.66 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 231 onoffs.                 ||
|| NGC7538 || 23:13:45.38 || +61:28:10.3 || 16x13 || 5.79 +/- 0.50 || || || 8.97 +/- 2.62 || MAMBO: 300 onoffs. GISMO: 15 scans ||
|| IRAS16293 || 16:32:22.70 || -24:28:32.0 || 10 || 5.30 +/- 0.30 || || || || MAMBO: 105 onoffs.                 ||
|| CepA || 22:56:17.93 || +62:01:49.5 || 27x15 || 3.82 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 162 onoffs.                 ||
|| NGC7027 || 21:07:01.59 || +42:14:10.1 || 9x8 || 3.14 +/- 0.10 || || || 3.36 +/- 0.26 || MAMBO: 139 onoffs. GISMO: 3 scans ||
|| CRL618 || 04:42:53.35 || +36:06:52.6 || 6x5 || 2.93 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 366 onoffs.                 ||
|| G45.1 || 19:13:22.07 || +10:50:53.4 || 13x9 || 2.69 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 264 onoffs.                 ||
|| GL490 || 03:27:38.84 || +58:47:00.5 || 16x11 || 2.11 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 175 onoffs.                 ||
|| CRL2688 || 21:02:18.80 || +36:41:37.6 || 9x2 || 1.83 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 97 onoffs.                 ||
|| MWC349 || 20:32:45.57 || +40:39:36.4 || <0.5 || 1.70 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 86 onoffs.                 ||
|| L1551-IRS5 || 04:31:34.17 || +18:08:05.1 || 15x11 || 1.51 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 634 onoffs.                 ||
|| CW-LEO || 09:47:57.38 || +13:16:43.6 || 14x13 || 1.29 +/- 0.05 || || || || MAMBO: 1125 onoffs.                 ||
|| LKHALF234 || 21:43:06.79 || +66:06:54.4 || 21x14 || 1.00 +/- 0.10 || || || || MAMBO: 291 onoffs.                 ||
|| HLTAU || 04:31:38.45 || +18:13:57.9 || 7x3 || 0.96 +/- 0.05 || || || || MAMBO: 231 onoffs.                 ||
|| HD-163296 || 17:56:21.29 || -21:57:21.9 || -- || 0.69 +/- 0.20 || || || || MAMBO: 4 onoffs.                 ||
|| LKHALF101 || 04:30:14.40 || +35:16:24.1 || -- || 0.57 +/- 0.00 || || || || MAMBO: 117 onoffs.                 ||
|| ALF-ORI || 05:55:10.28 || +07:24:25.4 || 7x3 || 0.34 +/- 0.02 || || || || MAMBO: 133 onoffs.                 ||
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See also the secondary calibrators for continuum measurements [[attachment:lisenfeld-2000-secondary-calibs-for-mambo.pdf | report ]] by Lisenfeld et al. (2000). MAMBO fluxes were extracted from the [[ https://pool.iram.es/ | IRAM DataBase for Pooled Observations ]] (go to astro -> Calib Sources; positions there are given in the J2000 coordinate system, and not as indicated in the header as B1950.0!!). See also the secondary calibrators for continuum measurements [[attachment:lisenfeld-2000-secondary-calibs-for-mambo.pdf | report ]] by Lisenfeld et al. (2000).
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||[[attachment:Ceres]]||[[attachment:Pallas]]||[[attachment:Vesta]]||[[attachment:Lutetia]]|| ||[[ attachment:Ceres.txt | Ceres ]] || [[ attachment:Pallas.txt | Pallas ]] || [[ attachment:Vesta.txt | Vesta ]] || [[ attachment:Lutetia.txt | Lutetia ]] ||
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The following figure summarizes the flux predictions at 1.3 mm for the period 2014-2015: ## The following figure summarizes the flux predictions at 1.3 mm for the period 2014-2015:
## {{attachment:Asteroids_f1300mu.png}}
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{{attachment:Asteroids_f1300mu.png}} === Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Lutetia ===

Observers have to give the oribital elements of the asteroids to pako: perihelionEpoch, ascendingNode, argumentOfPerihelion, inclination, perihelionDistance, eccentricity.
The elements listed below were extracted from the JPL Ephermides data base by X.Desert. Asteroids are on stable orbits. Their orbital elements are not expected to change.

{{{
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Ceres 2456551.202069534158 80.32764144660911 72.29215117844517 10.59398142371781 2.557090856996202 .07579725984872261
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Pallas 2456634.320680106518 173.1023717671647 309.9337060321055 34.83625656930519 2.130435195136733 .2315650120848084
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Vesta 2456923.695134388993 103.8514828145328 151.1995756082146 7.140518203879475 2.152395790927782 .08850244223456388
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Lutetia 2457274.428494472523 80.88533411704726 250.2363739926752 3.06386567315565 2.034005484901541 .1644593151184061
}}}

{{attachment:Ceres.png|alt text|height=400}}{{attachment:Pallas.png|alt text|height=400}}
{{attachment:Vesta.png|alt text|height=400}}{{attachment:Lutetia.png|alt text|height=400}}

----

== Polarized Calibrators ==
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=== Ceres === || Source || RA [J2000] || DEC [J2000] || S(1mm) [Jy] || p(1mm) [%] || x(1mm) [deg] || Comments ||
|| 3C286 || 13:31:8.30 || +30:30:33.0 || 0.30 +/- 0.03 || 14.4 +/- 1.8 || 33.1 +/- 5.7 || Bright compact radio quasar. XPOL observations from Sep 2006 to Jan 2012 ||
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{{{
SOURCE Body Ceres 2456551.202069534158 80.32764144660911 72.29215117844517 10.59398142371781 2.557090856996202 .07579725984872261
}}}
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=== Pallas === S(1mm), p(1mm), and x(1mm) are the flux density, the polarization fraction, and the polarization angle at 1 mm measured with the XPOL polarimeter at the IRAM 30m Telescope.
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{{{
SOURCE Body Pallas 2456634.320680106518 173.1023717671647 309.9337060321055 34.83625656930519 2.130435195136733 .2315650120848084
}}}

=== Vesta ===

{{{
SOURCE Body Vesta 2456923.695134388993 103.8514828145328 151.1995756082146 7.140518203879475 2.152395790927782 .08850244223456388
}}}

=== Lutetia ===

{{{
SOURCE Body Lutetia 2457274.428494472523 80.88533411704726 250.2363739926752 3.06386567315565 2.034005484901541 .1644593151184061
}}}
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Author: Israel Hermelo (IRAM 30m continuum pool manager) Author: Israel Hermelo (IRAM 30m Continuum Pool Manager)
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Last update: 2014.01.27 Last update: 2014.02.11

Calibrators

Sources with well known fluxes are essential to calibrate continuum observations.

Contents

  1. Calibrators
    1. Primary Calibrators
    2. Secondary calibrators
    3. Asteroids
    4. Polarized Calibrators

Go to the Front Page

Ephemerides for the sources listed here are included in the IRAM 30m Catalogue for Continuum Cameras (preliminary version).

Primary Calibrators

The primary calibrators used at the IRAM 30m telescope are Mars, Uranus and Neptune. The following table provides flux measurements taken at the IRAM 30m radiotelescope:

Planet

MAMBO Flux [Jy]

NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy]

NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy]

GISMO Flux [Jy]

Comments

MARS

108.36

56.70 +/- 6.95

MAMBO: 824 onoffs. GISMO: 27 scans CAREFUL: distance to Mars and hence its flux varies strongly

URANUS

36.62

15.10 +/- 4.33

MAMBO: 420 onoffs. GISMO: 97 scans

NEPTUNE

13.99

7.48 +/- 3.97

MAMBO: 48 onoffs. GISMO: 15 scans

MAMBO fluxes were extracted from the IRAM DataBase for Pooled Observations (go to astro -> Calib Sources).

Secondary calibrators

The following list provides flux measurements for a list of secondary calibrators to be observerd when planets are not visible.

Source

RA [J2000]

DEC [J2000]

Size ["]

MAMBO Flux [Jy]

NIKA 1 mm Flux [Jy]

NIKA 2 mm Flux [Jy]

GISMO Flux [Jy]

Comments

G34.3

18:53:18.56

+01:14:58.2

11x9

19.90 +/- 0.80

MAMBO: 572 onoffs.

G10.62

18:10:28.66

-19:55:49.7

--

9.12 +/- 0.00

MAMBO: 241 onoffs.

W3OH

02:27:03.88

+61:52:24.5

17x10

8.13 +/- 0.40

6.43 +/- 1.24

MAMBO: 551 onoffs. GISMO: 32 scans

K3-50A

20:01:45.69

+33:32:43.5

11x9

6.66 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 231 onoffs.

NGC7538

23:13:45.38

+61:28:10.3

16x13

5.79 +/- 0.50

8.97 +/- 2.62

MAMBO: 300 onoffs. GISMO: 15 scans

IRAS16293

16:32:22.70

-24:28:32.0

10

5.30 +/- 0.30

MAMBO: 105 onoffs.

CepA

22:56:17.93

+62:01:49.5

27x15

3.82 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 162 onoffs.

NGC7027

21:07:01.59

+42:14:10.1

9x8

3.14 +/- 0.10

3.36 +/- 0.26

MAMBO: 139 onoffs. GISMO: 3 scans

CRL618

04:42:53.35

+36:06:52.6

6x5

2.93 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 366 onoffs.

G45.1

19:13:22.07

+10:50:53.4

13x9

2.69 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 264 onoffs.

GL490

03:27:38.84

+58:47:00.5

16x11

2.11 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 175 onoffs.

CRL2688

21:02:18.80

+36:41:37.6

9x2

1.83 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 97 onoffs.

MWC349

20:32:45.57

+40:39:36.4

<0.5

1.70 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 86 onoffs.

L1551-IRS5

04:31:34.17

+18:08:05.1

15x11

1.51 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 634 onoffs.

CW-LEO

09:47:57.38

+13:16:43.6

14x13

1.29 +/- 0.05

MAMBO: 1125 onoffs.

LKHALF234

21:43:06.79

+66:06:54.4

21x14

1.00 +/- 0.10

MAMBO: 291 onoffs.

HLTAU

04:31:38.45

+18:13:57.9

7x3

0.96 +/- 0.05

MAMBO: 231 onoffs.

HD-163296

17:56:21.29

-21:57:21.9

--

0.69 +/- 0.20

MAMBO: 4 onoffs.

LKHALF101

04:30:14.40

+35:16:24.1

--

0.57 +/- 0.00

MAMBO: 117 onoffs.

ALF-ORI

05:55:10.28

+07:24:25.4

7x3

0.34 +/- 0.02

MAMBO: 133 onoffs.

MAMBO fluxes were extracted from the IRAM DataBase for Pooled Observations (go to astro -> Calib Sources; positions there are given in the J2000 coordinate system, and not as indicated in the header as B1950.0!!). See also the secondary calibrators for continuum measurements report by Lisenfeld et al. (2000).

Asteroids

Some asteroids have quite excentric orbits, and their temperatures thus vary quite a bit. In addition, the smaller ones have non-circular shapes and thus also rotational variability on scales of few hours. However, the four largest asteroids (Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, and Lutetia) present a flux accuracy better than 5% and therefore, they can be used as reliable calibrators for the IRAM 30m continuum cameras (see the poster courtesy of Thomas Mueller).

Thomas Mueller provided flux predictions at different wavelengths for these four asteroids until 2020:

Ceres

Pallas

Vesta

Lutetia

Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Lutetia

Observers have to give the oribital elements of the asteroids to pako: perihelionEpoch, ascendingNode, argumentOfPerihelion, inclination, perihelionDistance, eccentricity. The elements listed below were extracted from the JPL Ephermides data base by X.Desert. Asteroids are on stable orbits. Their orbital elements are not expected to change. 

   PAKO> SOURCE Body Ceres 2456551.202069534158 80.32764144660911  72.29215117844517 10.59398142371781 2.557090856996202 .07579725984872261    
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Pallas 2456634.320680106518 173.1023717671647 309.9337060321055 34.83625656930519 2.130435195136733 .2315650120848084
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Vesta 2456923.695134388993 103.8514828145328 151.1995756082146 7.140518203879475 2.152395790927782 .08850244223456388
   PAKO> SOURCE Body Lutetia 2457274.428494472523 80.88533411704726 250.2363739926752 3.06386567315565 2.034005484901541 .1644593151184061

alt textalt text alt textalt text

Polarized Calibrators

Source

RA [J2000]

DEC [J2000]

S(1mm) [Jy]

p(1mm) [%]

x(1mm) [deg]

Comments

3C286

13:31:8.30

+30:30:33.0

0.30 +/- 0.03

14.4 +/- 1.8

33.1 +/- 5.7

Bright compact radio quasar. XPOL observations from Sep 2006 to Jan 2012

S(1mm), p(1mm), and x(1mm) are the flux density, the polarization fraction, and the polarization angle at 1 mm measured with the XPOL polarimeter at the IRAM 30m Telescope.

Author: Israel Hermelo (IRAM 30m Continuum Pool Manager)

email: hermelo@iram.es

Created: 2014.01.14

Last update: 2014.02.11

Continuum/Calibrators (last edited 2021-06-24 07:59:55 by NikaBolometer)